Handbook of Occupational Groups and Families		Classification Programs Division
Release Date:  August 2001		Section Forty-four of Sixty-six

    4400 - PRINTING FAMILY   

This job family includes occupations involved in letterpress (relief), offset-lithographic, gravure (intaglio), or screen printing; includes layout, hand composition, photoengraving, platemaking, printing, and finishing operations.

Throughout the following information, an asterisk (*) stands for series with a published standard and a double asterisk (**) stands for series with a published flysheet.

Occupations in this family are:

4402 Bindery Working*

This occupation includes jobs that involve setting up, operating, and making minor repairs to powered and manually operated gathering, stitching, folding, gluing, embossing, papercutting, stapling, drilling, punching, collating, sorting, and binding machines and equipment used in making books, pamphlets, brochures, etc., in quantity.

4403 Hand Composing

This occupation includes jobs involved in the setting and breakdown of type by hand, combined with the proofreading of work for composition and typographical detail.

4405 Film Assembly-Stripping*

This occupation includes jobs involved in the assembly, stripping, and opaquing of photographic negatives and positives used in the offset reproduction of black and white and multicolor subjects. Requires an understanding of the relationship between assembly-stripping and subsequent processes essential to offset reproduction.

4406 Letterpress Operating

This occupation includes jobs involved in the operation and maintenance of presses used for printing material by the letterpress (relief) method from cast metal type or plates on which the printing areas are raised above the non-printing areas.

4413 Negative Engraving*

This occupation includes jobs involved in negative-cutting activities ranging from simply opaquing the background of the negative by painting in pinholes with a solution of asphaltum, lampblack, or turpentine, to making intricate corrections and revisions of film and plastic negatives.

4414 Offset Photography*

This occupation includes jobs involved in operating and making minor repairs to copying cameras used to produce line, halftone, and color separation negatives that are in turn used to produce offset plates.

4416 Offset Platemaking*

This occupation includes jobs involved in processing photographic images onto metal, paper, or plastic plate materials to produce lithographic plates that are used in the offset reproduction of printed matter. Also included are jobs involved in producing paper or plastic masters using photo-direct or electrostatic equipment, as well as jobs that involve other related platemaking processes such as color proofing and making peel coats, scribecoats, and hand transfers. This work requires knowledge of the various types of plates, plastic media, processing and developing solutions, and platemaking equipment (e.g., vacuum frames, whirling machines, automatic plate processors, photo-direct and electrostatic platemaking equipment) and skill in using them to perform platemaking and other related processes necessary in the offset reproduction process.

4417 Offset Press Operating*

This occupation includes jobs involved in the operation and maintenance of offset presses used for printing material by the offset lithographic method from plates on which the printing and non-printing areas are essentially on the same plane.

4419 Silk Screen Making and Printing

This occupation includes jobs involved in preparing silkscreen stencils by hand or photographic process, and screen printing letters, diagrams, and designs on various objects such as decals, posters, and instrument dials.

4425 Photoengraving

This occupation includes jobs involved in making zinc, brass, and copper plates for use in letterpress printing.

4440 Stereotype Platemaking

This occupation includes jobs involved in making stereotype plates for letterpress printing, including preparing the form, molding it into the matrix, and preparing the plates for the press.

4441 Bookbinding

This occupation includes jobs involved in hand binding, rebinding, recasing, and restoring hardback books, manuscripts, musical scores, unbound material, etc. Includes all hand operations entailed in affixing covers to form books and in finishing same.

4445 Bank Note Designing

This occupation includes jobs involved in drawing, designing, and preparing various kinds of models used in determining the design of engraved plates from which bonds, currency, postage and revenue stamps, and other securities are produced, employing a style and manner calculated to prevent counterfeiting.

4446 Bank Note Engraving

This occupation includes jobs involved in drawing and engraving script, lettering, lathe work, and designs of various kinds on steel dies or plates, and in producing portraits, landscapes, figures, and ornamental engravings on steel dies from which intaglio printing plates are reproduced, employing a style and manner designed to prevent counterfeiting.

4447 Sculptural Engraving

This occupation includes jobs involved in tracing from bank note designer models, transferring tracings to metal, and engraving designs on steel embossing dies that are subsequently used in the manufacture of securities and seals.

4448 Siderographic Transferring

This occupation includes jobs involved in reproducing engravings on steel plates and rolls from original dies, making it possible to produce a single design from individual engravings (lettering, ornamental scrolls, portraits, vignettes, and geometric lathe work) according to models and layouts, and reproducing multiple-subject plates from single-subject dies for printing bank notes, bonds, and other securities.

4449 Electrolytic Intaglio Platemaking

This occupation includes jobs involved in manufacturing intaglio printing plates by electroforming or galvanoplastic reproduction and in examining and coating or recoating electrolytic and steel intaglio printing plates and miscellaneous machine parts with chromium by electroplating.

4450 Intaglio Die and Plate Finishing

This occupation includes jobs involved in finishing, altering, and restoring engraved areas of intaglio dies and plates and making spot repairs of injuries in the printing plates on the presses. This includes scraping, punching, rolling, grinding, and burnishing the unengraved areas of intaglio dies, rolls, and plates and requires the skillful use of hand and/or machine tools to prepare plates to meet the operational requirements of the various printing presses without disturbing the engraving.

4454 Intaglio Press Operating

This occupation includes jobs involved in the operation and maintenance of intaglio presses (die-stamping or gravure presses) used for printing material by the intaglio method from plates that use a sunken or depressed surface for the printing area.